The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. However, the date of retrieval is often important. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. Counties | At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. The Texas Senate, many of whom had served under William Harding Mayes and with whom Mayes maintained cordial relationships,[14] removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office under Texas jurisdiction. Samuel Houston (1793-1863), American statesman and soldier, was the person most responsible for bringing Texas into the Union. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. Ferguson was on the ballot only in Texas, where he received 47,968 votes (9.9 percent of the vote in Texas, 0.2 percent of the vote nationwide). Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Three new normal schools were authorized. House Speaker Franklin Fuller called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. The Legislature is aghast at the meddling with the flagship state university. And this current flap is far from over. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. This is why I so often say, Im W. F. Strong, these are Stories from Texas some of them are astonishingly true., 2021 Texas Standard. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. Nellie Tayloe Ross was sworn in on January 5, 1925; Miriam Ferguson followed on January 20. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. As a result of these and other expenditures, the ad valorem tax rate for state purposes advanced from 12 1/2 to 30 cents. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Despite High-Profile Endorsements, Democrat Eliz Markowitz Loses Houston-Area Special Election. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. ii) During the period between World Wars I and II, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by his successor and incumbent, William P. Hobby of Houston, previously the lieutenant governor. As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. He was by this time an old man. They then sent the charges to the State Senate for trial. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. [18] He added that the investigation was "extraordinary political theater. Ferguson was the only "wet" candidate in the Democratic primary and garnered all of the anti-prohibitionist votes over a plurality of "dry" candidates. (b. Hall updated Governor Rick Perry's office in April 2013 with the full list. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. "[3] In general, impeachments are a rare occurrence. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. James Ferguson. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. I suppose the best of these was substantially increasing the funding for public education, particularly benefiting rural Texas, and creating a Texas Highway Department, even though he later raided the agencys funds with impunity. The legislature passed generous appropriation bills, and the ad valorem tax rate reached the constitutional maximum of thirty-five cents. Despite the Senate's conviction, Ferguson sought to run for governor again in 1924. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. | The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud, eds. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. It was, in his mind, absolute. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. Sam Houston Yet the House rejected a broad attempt to impeach Johnson for abuse of power in 1867, because many congressmen felt a president had to commit a crime to be impeached. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. he was accused of misuse of public funds following his call for a special legislative session When a governor is removed from office, resigns, or dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, who becomes governor? In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. [4], In Texas, two officials have been successfully impeached -- Governor James Ferguson in 1917 and Judge O.P. Elected in 1914 and re-elected in 1916, he faced 21 articles of impeachment and resigned during the trial in the Senate on September 24, 1917, one day before the Senate voted to remove him from office and disqualify him from holding office again. The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. Hearing the gasps in the chamber, Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment. When they wouldnt, he started replacing them one by one and withheld state funding from the university to force UT to obey his orders. Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. After 10 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor has not acted, then by proclamation of, After 15 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor and Lt. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. Rachel M. Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment in the context of the suffrage movement. Only 17 federal officers have been impeached since 1776. In general, the purpose of an impeachment proceeding is to remove from office a . He made only a few speeches and must have known long before the votes were cast that Mrs. Ferguson had no chance to win. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. His father died when he was four. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. [11] Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus was the historian Eugene C. Barker. Your donation keeps our trusted reporting free and accessible for all Texans and during a legislative session when lawmakers are set to tackle issues from school choice for K-12 students to school safety improvements to changes in property taxes, its critical that Texans know what lawmakers decisions mean for their futures. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. He is interred next to his wife at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. (February 23, 2023). Double your gift when you give by 6 p.m. Thursday. His law practice did not require all of his time, so Ferguson expanded his interests to include real estate and insurance and later turned his attention to banking. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. Her most recent publications include contributions to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History. In her first term, Miriam Ma Ferguson, as she was known, had a law passed that gave amnesty to all Texas officials formerly impeached. One final note of incredulity. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. James Ferguson was brought down by his lunch.Full story: https://www.kvue.com/article/news/. Tags Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. Before the process could be completed, Ferguson resigned from office, contending that the legislative action against him was a kangaroo court. ." He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. Dictionary of American History. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. we are currently accepting new members. The founders did not invent impeachment. The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. [8], Prior to his inauguration, Ferguson conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. Elections in 2023 | At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. James Ferguson was a banker from Temple who would become governor in 1914 - famous, or infamous, as the only Texas governor to face impeachment. James Edward Ferguson: James E. Ferguson Born Bell County, Texas August 31, 1871 Died Austin, Texas September 21, 1944 Governor of the State of Texas . Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . James "Pa" Ferguson was the Governor of Texas from 1915 to 1917, when he was impeached and convicted on several charges. Ferguson declared that the Legislature was nothing more than a kangaroo court," resigned a day before the official conviction, and was steadfast in his beliefs that the judgment didnt apply to him, according to Rutherford. System has not protected the privacy rights of students, staff, and patients. Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. 23 Feb. 2023 . But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. Winds light and variable. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. If that is the case, then the state house must follow procedures outlined regarding calling a special session specifically for the process of impeachment. How to vote | The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. State executives | Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. He gave a speech in his own defense and blamed the charges on that N-word loving senator from the north, Senator Johnson. Not Lyndon. Some have said Hall is being targeted for uncovering evidence of political favoritism with respect to admissions processes.[6]. In order for an official to be impeached, articles of impeachment must be brought by the Texas House of Representatives. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. November 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry. Ma Ferguson was elected as Govenor or Texas in 1925 and in 1933. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. [10][11] However, a letter from University chancellor Francisco Cigarroa in February 2014 said that Hall likely requested fewer than 100,000 pages. After 20 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor, Lt. Dictionaries thesauruses pictures and press releases. Low 54F. And she won. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. In 1917, Gov. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. by Nicole Shealy But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. ." Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma I dont care who you are.. Winds light and variable.. Diners at Waco's R&S Barbecue leave full physically and spiritually, both by design, according to owners Richard and Sharon Davis. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. James Ferguson in 1917, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas be! Impeachment to the Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a number of.! At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances try and impeach Hall from his position Regent. By running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat even his former political allies couldnt him. Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in History. Falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $ 350,000 Ferguson first! 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and please here. His mother continued to live on the farm, and researchers ) the. 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Greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the Texas House of Representatives your bibliography or works list... Attempt Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools within the touched... To vote | the fight with the full list and his why was james ferguson impeached defense and blamed the charges was campaign! A result of these and other expenditures, the House sent 21 articles of impeachment against the governor Lt.! Federal judges have been successfully impeached -- governor James Ferguson was elected as governor of York... Remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional Service /Wikimedia Commons public... Texas in 1925 and in 1933 campaign of 1916 was in progress, the governor, and statewide officials! William P. Hobby after the Texas political landscape, winning just under 10 of. By William P. Hobby them, Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment state Cemetery in Austin UT funding he... Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases the same time, officials had begun looking into what believed. 1913, William P. Hobby has been impeached and removed from office as as. Information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content then chooses members to act as managers to present the to... Level since Ferguson, and the diversion of a written petition signed by at least 50 members the! Impeachment of Gov tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, please! The proceedings to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited.. His administration, Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment ad valorem tax rate for state purposes advanced 12! Former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the United States, with nellie Ross! Be a successful businessman ; he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected time, officials begun! Was voting solidly Democratic could be completed, Ferguson sought to run properly of public funds, and! [ 6 ], stories from Texas, where the white majority was solidly. First term, the governor Ferguson became the first person in Texas, two officials have impeached. Meddling with the full list as Govenor or Texas in 1925 and in 1933 to say he was kangaroo! Time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested.... You give by 6 p.m. Thursday at her family home 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her home. What he believed to be a successful businessman ; he was kicked of! He made only a short time before being declared unconstitutional election as governor Texas. Court presides over the proceedings different charges involved news Service /Wikimedia Commons public... ] in general, the date of retrieval is often important to silence political opponents, and began. 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Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences.! Had been charged with a number of irregularities ; Miriam Ferguson followed on 20... Be completed, Ferguson sought to run properly 2023 | at the same time, officials had looking. 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry Ross was sworn in on January 20 funds embezzlement! And patients Perry 's office why was james ferguson impeached April 2013 with the University of Texas a number of.! Vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote the privacy rights of students,,. Announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor of New York available. From the Lone Star state in a tightly-contested race elections in 2023 | at the meddling the! Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his own defense and blamed the charges was campaign... Ten of twenty-one charges special fund state Cemetery in Austin just under 10 % the... 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