This was Pachelbel's first published work and it is now partially lost. Pachelbel was a prolific composer of organ music, who worked as an organist in churches throughout Germany and Austria. In particular, Johann Jakob Froberger served as court organist in Vienna until 1657[8] and was succeeded by Alessandro Poglietti. However, in September of that year, tragedy struck as a plague swept through Erfurt, taking his wife and infant son. It included, among other types, several chorales written using outdated models. [19] Pachelbel employed white mensural notation when writing out numerous compositions (several chorales, all ricercars, some fantasias); a notational system that uses hollow note heads and omits bar lines (measure delimiters). Chaconne in F minor for organ. What did other composers say about Pachelbel? As such, he published very few of his works because back then you had to print using copper engraving, which was quite expensive at that time. 11 chapters | 1. noun pachelbel Johann (johan). For most of his life, he worked as an organist for many churches, composing both sacred and secular (religious and non-religious respectively) musical works. Pachelbel has close ties to the Bach family, and his style of music played an instrumental role in influencing and enriching that of Johann Sebastian Bach indirectly. These fall into two categories: some 30 free fugues and around 90 of the so-called Magnificat Fugues. Johann Mattheson, whose Grundlage einer Ehrenpforte (Hamburg, 1740) is one of the most important sources of information about Pachelbel's life, mentions that the young Pachelbel demonstrated exceptional musical and academic abilities. [13] Pachelbel remained in Erfurt for 12 years and established his reputation as one of the leading German organ composers of the time during his stay. When former pupil Johann Christoph Bach married in October 1694, the Bach family celebrated the marriage on 23 October 1694 in Ohrdruf, and invited him and other composers to provide the music; he probably attendedif so, it was the only time Johann Sebastian Bach, then nine years old, met Johann Pachelbel.[17]. In August 1684, Pachelbel married Judith Drommer. Both are gentle free-flowing pieces featuring intricate passages in both hands with many accidentals, close to similar pieces by Girolamo Frescobaldi or Giovanni de Macque. The contrapuntal devices of stretto, diminution and inversion are very rarely employed in any of them. Beat. The thing is, Pachelbel was actually Johann Christophe Bach's teacher. An interesting technique employed in many of the pieces is an occasional resort to style bris for a few bars, both during episodes and in codas. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 8), all are straightforward pieces, frequently in common time and comparatively short at an average tempo, most take around a minute and a half to play. An example from Wenn mein Stndlein vorhanden ist: The piece begins with a chorale fugue (not shown here) that turns into a four-part chorale setting which starts at bar 35. All Pachelbels work is in a contrapuntally simple style. Much of Pachelbel's liturgical organ music, particularly the chorale preludes, is relatively simple and written for manuals only: no pedal is required. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like where did Johann Sebastian Bach live, where did George Frederic Handel live, where did Johann Pachelbel live and more. ", Pachelbel's Canon Rediscovery and rise to fame, Pachelbel's Canon Influence on popular music, historically-informed performance practice, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, "Prisoners of Pachelbel: An Essay in Post-Canonic Musicology", "Pachelbel's Canon in D works surprisingly well as a pop-punk instrumental", "Canon in the 1990s: From Spiritualized to Coolio, Regurgitating Pachelbel's Canon", 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.6002278237, A list of Pachelbel's works with cross-references from Perreault's numbers to Tsukamoto, Welter and Bouchard and to selected editions, Pachelbel Street Archives of J.Pachelbel's Works, International Music Score Library Project, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Pachelbel&oldid=1138137634, Works by Pachelbel in MIDI and MP3 format at, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 06:02. He was named after his father, and his mother's name was Anna Maria Mair. Chorale phrases are treated one at a time, in the order in which they occur; frequently, the accompanying voices anticipate the next phrase by using bits of the melody in imitative counterpoint. The piece begins with one melody in the ground basstypically performed by a cello and a harpsichord or organ. Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir, P.183 (Pachelbel, Johann) Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt, P.80 (Pachelbel, Johann) Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt, P.81 (Pachelbel, Johann) Herr Jesu Christ, ich wei gar wohl, P.189 (Pachelbel, Johann) Herzlich tut mich verlangen, P.378 (Pachelbel, Johann) I Bach's favorite instrument is called the lautenwerck. However, most of the preludes are much shorter than the toccatas: the A minor prelude (pictured below) only has 9 bars, the G major piece has 10. Much of Pachelbel's work was published in the early 20th century in the Denkmler der Tonkunst in sterreich series, but it was not until the rise of interest in early Baroque music in the middle of the 20th century and the advent of historically-informed performance practice and associated research that Pachelbel's works began to be studied extensively and again performed more frequently. This tragedy prompted the composition of a series of chorales (a harmonized version of a church hymn) called "Musical Thoughts of Death." However, it was actually something you may not see or hear today. Viewed as a one-work composer, Pachelbel was an important figure, central in the development of keyboard and Protestant church music. He would become a close friend of the Bach family and teach both Johann Sebastian and Johann Christoph. Pachelbel married twice during his stay in Erfurt. Pachelbels Canon uses a musical formthe canonthat is similar to that of the French folk song Frre Jacques though more complicated in design. Johann Pachelbel[n 1] (baptised 11 September[O.S. Updates? His non-liturgical keyboard music was likewise noteworthy, especially his fugues and variations (of the latter, his Hexachordum Apollinis of 1699 is extraordinary). During his lifetime, Pachelbel was best known as an organ composer. In 1699 Pachelbel published Hexachordum Apollinis (the title is a reference to Apollo's lyre), a collection of six variations set in different keys. Johann Pachelbel, (baptized September 1, 1653, Nrnberg [Germany]died March 3, 1706, Nrnberg), German composer known for his works for organ and one of the great organ masters of the generation before Johann Sebastian Bach. Unlike Musical Thoughts of Death which was done earlier, Musical Delight was actually quite enjoyable. Below are some of the different types of music that Pachelbel composed: "Hexachordum Apollinis," a six-keyboard aria, became his most famous chaconne. In June 1678, Pachelbel was employed as organist of the Predigerkirche in Erfurt, succeeding Johann Effler (c. 16401711; Effler later preceded Johann Sebastian Bach in Weimar). The Magnificat Fugues were all composed during Pachelbel's final years in Nuremberg. Charles Theodore was one of the first composers from Europe to continue his father's legacy in America, bringing the Pachelbel sound to churches in the colonies. That melody is then repeated in different registers and instrumental parts while other melodies are added, usually in the upper registers. Heart stopping music. Although he produced a lot of other amazing works, Pachelbel is most recognized now for his Canon in D major. When did justin start playing the piano? Finally, "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland der von uns" is a typical bicinium chorale with one of the hands playing the unadorned chorale while the other provides constant fast-paced accompaniment written mostly in sixteenth notes. Only two volumes of Pachelbel's organ music were published and distributed during his lifetime: Musikalische Sterbens-Gedancken (Musical Thoughts on Death; Erfurt, 1683) a set of chorale variations in memory of his deceased wife and child, and Acht Chorle (Nuremberg, 1693). Several principal sources exist for Pachelbel's music, although none of them as important as, for example, the Oldham manuscript is for Louis Couperin. Johann Pachelbel is unfairly viewed as a one-work composer, that work being the popular, Canon in D major, for three violins and continuo. You will often hear a lot of musicians arguing that Bach's favorite instrument is the cello, or the violin, or the viola, or the organ. Walther's biography, published in 1732, is the only source to state that Pachelbel studied with Wecker; there is no direct evidence for that. It consists of six arias with variation composed on original secular themes. Compare the earlier D major toccata, with passages in the typical middle Baroque style, with one of the late C major toccatas: Sometimes a bar or two of consecutive thirds embellish the otherwise more complex toccata-occasionally there is a whole section written in that manner; and a few toccatas (particularly one of the D minor and one of the G minor pieces) are composed using only this technique, with almost no variation. One of the six surviving chaconnes by the composer, it is one of his best known organ works. 1653-1706, German organist and composer, noted esp for his popular Canon in D Major 0. noun pachelbel Johann (john ) ; yhn) 1653-1706; Ger. 12: Pachelbel's apparent affinity for variation form is evident from his organ works that explore the genre: chaconnes, chorale variations and several sets of arias with variations. However, Pachelbel's collection was intended for amateur violinists, and scordatura tuning is used here as a basic introduction to the technique. What kind of instruments did Wilhelm Pachelbel play? Although a similar technique is employed in toccatas by Froberger and Frescobaldi's pedal toccatas, Pachelbel distinguishes himself from these composers by having no sections with imitative counterpointin fact, unlike most toccatas from the early and middle Baroque periods, Pachelbel's contributions to the genre are not sectional, unless rhapsodic introductory passages in a few pieces (most notably the E minor toccata) are counted as separate sections. Pachelbel did not come from a wealthy family and earned meager sums serving as organist at the Lorenzkirche. The D major, D minor and F minor chaconnes are among Pachelbel's best-known organ pieces, and the latter is often cited as his best organ work. A distinctive feature of almost all of Pachelbel's chorale preludes is his treatment of the melody: the cantus firmus features virtually no figuration or ornamentation of any kind, always presented in the plainest possible way in one of the outer voices. [14] In 1686, he was offered a position as organist of the St. Trinitatis church (Trinitatiskirche) in Sondershausen. "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" is a three-part setting with melodic ornamentation of the chorale melody, which Pachelbel employed very rarely. [9] Georg Muffat lived in the city for some time, and, most importantly, Johann Caspar Kerll moved to Vienna in 1673. The models Pachelbel used most frequently are the three-part cantus firmus setting, the chorale fugue and, most importantly, a model he invented which combined the two types. In 1695 he was appointed organist at the St. Sebalduskirche in Nrnberg, where he remained until his death. In his three years in Gotha, he was twice offered positions, in Germany at Stuttgart and in England at Oxford University; he declined both. Many of these compositions were written on musical papers or in his personal journals. Pachelbel spent a large portion of his life playing for churches across Germany and Vienna. In his day, music was supposed to be printed with copper engraving, but Pachelbel could not afford this medium. He excelled in this area. Unfortunately, much of his music was never brought to audiences because of this. [n 4] His duties also included organ maintenance and, more importantly, composing a large-scale work every year to demonstrate his progress as composer and organist, as every work of that kind had to be better than the one composed the year before. At the time, the fugue hadn't yet evolved into its mature form (as seen and heard in JS Bach 's works, for instance); Pachelbel was one of the composers who helped to define it. In 1681 Pachelbel got married to Barbara Gabler but she and his infant child died in a plague that struck his town in 1683. Most of this music is harmonically simple and makes little use of complex polyphony (indeed, the polyphonic passages frequently feature reduction of parts). Bach are a prime example). One of Pachelbel's many C major fugues on original themes, this short piece uses a subject with a pattern of repeated notes in a manner discussed above. Ironically, his famous Canon was originally written not for organ, but for. Its visibility was increased by its choice as the theme music for the film Ordinary People in 1980. Most of the variations are in common time, with Aria Sebaldina and its variations being the only notable exceptions; they are in 3/4 time. The texts are taken from the psalms, except in Nun danket alle Gott which uses a short passage from Ecclesiastes. Pachelbel initially accepted the invitation but, as a surviving letter indicates, had to reject the offer after a long series of negotiations: it appears that he was required to consult with Erfurt's elders and church authorities before considering any job offers. He accepted, was released from Gotha in 1695, and arrived in Nuremberg in summer, with the city council paying his per diem expenses. However, he excelled the most at chorale prelude, which was a protestant favorite. The canon was originally scored for three violins and basso continuo and paired with a gigue, known as Canon and Gigue for 3 violins and basso continuo. Also, Johann Christoph Bach, the oldest of the Bach brothers, was Pachelbel's student. There are 95 pieces extant, covering all eight church modes: 23 in primi toni, 10 in secundi toni, 11 in tertii toni, 8 in quarti toni, 12 in quinti toni, 10 in sexti toni, 8 in septimi toni and 13 in octavi toni. In 1699, he produced his important collection of six arias, Hexachordum Apollinis, for organ or harpsichord. The canon shares an important quality with the chaconne and passacaglia: it consists of a ground bass over which the violins play a three-voice canon based on a simple theme, the violins' parts form 28 variations of the melody. Pachelbel was one of the most significant predecessors of Johann Sebastian Bach. His father helped him learn the violin and the harpsichord along with his siblings. All fugues Pachelbel composed fall into two categories: there are some 30 free fugues and around 90 so-called magnificat fugues. composer 0. Classic FM busts the myths behind this enduring work. The lower voices anticipate the shape of the second phrase of the chorale in an imitative fashion (notice the distinctive pattern of two repeated notes). [1], Pachelbel's music enjoyed enormous popularity during his lifetime; he had many pupils and his music became a model for the composers of south and central Germany. After traveling to Vienna for work, Pachelbel went to Eisenhach, then Erfurt, then Stuggart, then Gotha, and then back to Nuremberg where he spent his final days. "Harmony" refers to all of the notes that are not the melody. His first wife and child died in 1683, and in 1684, Pachelbel married Judith Drommer and had seven children. The dance movements of the suites show traces of Italian (in the gigues of suites 2 and 6) and German (allemande appears in suites 1 and 2) influence, but the majority of the movements are clearly influenced by the French style. Schwemmer taught Pachelbel the principles and fundamentals of music, and Wecker taught him how to play the organ and to compose music. Of these, the five-part suite in G major (Partie a 5 in G major) is a variation suite, where each movement begins with a theme from the opening sonatina; like its four-part cousin (Partie a 4 in G major) and the third standalone suite (Partie a 4 in F-sharp minor) it updates the German suite model by using the latest French dances such as the gavotte or the ballet. Composer, musicologist and writer Johann Gottfried Walther is probably the most famous of the composers influenced by Pachelbel he is, in fact, referred to as the "second Pachelbel" in Mattheson's Grundlage einer Ehrenpforte.[26]. Although this musical genius had a long career as an organist for Protestant and Catholic churches, he produced both sacred and secular music, the latter meant for pure entertainment. Several catalogues are used, by Antoine Bouchard (POP numbers, organ works only), Jean M. Perreault (P numbers, currently the most complete catalogue; organized alphabetically), Hideo Tsukamoto (T numbers, L for lost works; organized thematically) and Kathryn Jane Welter (PC numbers). Pachelbel's influence was mostly limited to his pupils, most notably Johann Christoph Bach, Johann Heinrich Buttstett, Andreas Nicolaus Vetter, and two of Pachelbel's sons, Wilhelm Hieronymus and Charles Theodore. [n 6] Also, even a fugue with an ordinary subject can rely on strings of repeated notes, as it happens, for example, in magnificat fugue octavi toni No. Pachelbel explored many variation forms and associated techniques, which manifest themselves in various diverse pieces, from sacred concertos to harpsichord suites. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Christophe taught Sebastian everything he learned from Pachelbel. Johann Gottfried Walther famously described Pachelbel's vocal works as "more perfectly executed than anything before them". Pachelbel composed six fantasias. Pachelbel was also a prolific vocal music composer: around a hundred of such works survive, including some 40 large-scale works. Christophe learned the fundamentals of music and taught his younger brother, Sebastian, everything he learned from studying under Pachelbel. 1 September]1653[n 2] buried 9 March 1706; also Bachelbel) was a German composer, organist, and teacher who brought the south German organ schools to their peak. The pieces explore a wide range of variation techniques. One of their seven children would be the composer, organist, and harpsichordist Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelberg, born 1686. Although most of them are brief, the subjects are extremely varied (see Example 1). His music in this genre would, in turn, influence the compositions of Johann Sebastian Bach, among others. Pachelbel's Canon is the common name for an accompanied canon by the German Baroque composer Johann Pachelbel in his Canon and Gigue for 3 violins and basso . Seventeen keys are used, including F-sharp minor. First heard played by my friend,harpsichordist,organist & pianist, Dr Ian Brunt of county Durham 1994.played at my Grandsons wedding 1995. Pachelbel was born in August of 1653 and baptized on September 1. 12, sexti toni No. Among the more significant materials are several manuscripts that were lost before and during World War II but partially available as microfilms of the Winterthur collection, a two-volume manuscript currently in possession of the Oxford Bodleian Library which is a major source for Pachelbel's late work, and the first part of the Tabulaturbuch (1692, currently at the Biblioteka Jagielloska in Krakw) compiled by Pachelbel's pupil Johann Valentin Eckelt[ca], which includes the only known Pachelbel autographs). It's as simple as three violins, one cello, and eight bars of music repeated 28 times - but Johann Pachelbel 's . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The marriage took place in the house of the bride's father. The F-sharp minor ricercar uses the same concept and is slightly more interesting musically: the key of F-sharp minor requires a more flexible tuning than the standard meantone temperament of the Baroque era and was therefore rarely used by contemporary composers. He worked as a court organist under Daniel Eberlin in Eisenach, in a Protestant church in Erfurt, and so much more. As such, he composed most of his music for worship services for both Catholic and Protestant churches. Though many classify them as Neue Deutsche Hrte, Rammstein plays a mixture of heavy metal and rock music. Pachelbels chamber music, which is the field to which Canon in D belongs, started to change dramatically from bleak organ music to a more upbeat tempo. Johann Pachelbel was considered to be one of the greatest German composers because of his stellar organ compositions. Several renowned cosmopolitan composers worked there, many of them contributing to the exchange of musical traditions in Europe. The six chaconnes, together with Buxtehude's ostinato organ works, represent a shift from the older chaconne style: they completely abandon the dance idiom, introduce contrapuntal density, employ miscellaneous chorale improvisation techniques, and, most importantly, give the bass line much thematic significance for the development of the piece. Bach. He was actually good friend with Johann Sebastian Bach's dad (The JS Bach we know and love was popular in the late Baroque period, and Pachelbel was a generation older). Love it or hate it, Pachelbel's Canon in D is one of the most famous pieces of classical music of all time, but the facts behind the composition aren't as well known. He received his primary education in St. Lorenz Hauptschule and the Auditorio Aegediano in Nuremberg, then on 29 June 1669, he became a student at the University of Altdorf, where he was also appointed organist of St. Lorenz church the same year. Chorale preludes constitute almost half of Pachelbel's surviving organ works, in part because of his Erfurt job duties which required him to compose chorale preludes on a regular basis. Pachelbel wrote more than one hundred fugues on free themes. During his early youth, Pachelbel received musical training from Heinrich Schwemmer, a musician and music teacher who later became the cantor of St. Sebaldus Church (Sebalduskirche). In suites 1 and 3 these introductory movements are Allegro three-voice fughettas and stretti. Pachelbel studied music at Altdorf and Regensburg and held posts as organist in Vienna, Stuttgart, and other cities. Pachelbels music was extremely well known during his lifetime. 'Musicalische Ergtzung', another of his renowned works, was published sometime around the late 17th century or early 18th century. Pachelbels Canon, byname of Canon and Gigue in D Major, musical work for three violins and ground bass (basso continuo) by German composer Johann Pachelbel, admired for its serene yet joyful character. The famous Canon in D belongs to this genre, as it was originally scored for 3 violins and a basso continuo, and paired with a gigue in the same key. 355 lessons. His organ compositions show a knowledge of Italian forms derived from Girolamo Frescobaldi through Johann Jakob Froberger. Of the eleven extant motets, ten are scored for two four-part choruses. As an artist producing music during the Baroque period, Johann Pachelbel composed over 500 pieces. It was included in numerous television and film sound tracksnotably that of the 1980 film Ordinary Peopleand became a standard in general collections of classical music. [29][30] It has been called[by whom?] He preferred a lucid, uncomplicated contrapuntal style that emphasized melodic and harmonic clarity. The suites do not adhere to a fixed structure: the allemande is only present in two suites, the gigues in four, two suites end with a chaconne, and the fourth suite contains two arias. Even if we don't know its name, we've all heard Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D, better known simply as Pachelbel's Canon and probably more than once at a wedding.But though Pachelbel composed the piece in the late 17th or early 18th century, it hasn't enjoyed a consistent presence in the world of music: the earliest manuscripts we know date from the 19th century, and its latest . Aside from attending regular school, Pachelbel also had two music teachers- Heinrich Schwemmer for teaching him about the fundamentals and principles of music and George Kaspar Wecker for training him how to compose and how to play the organ. Pachelbel's chaconnes are distinctly south German in style; the duple meter C major chaconne (possibly an early work) is reminiscent of Kerll's D minor passacaglia. [10] While there, he may have known or even taught Pachelbel, whose music shows traces of Kerll's style. Monophony. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. It is Pachelbel's best-known composition and one of the most widely performed pieces of Baroque music. Feel free toSubscribe to Our YouTube Channelif you like this video! This period of music came right after the Renaissance period and is divided into three categories: early, middle, and late. The toccata idiom is completely absent, however, in the short Prelude in A minor: A texture of similar density is also found in the ending of the shorter D minor piece, where three voices engage in imitative counterpoint. Although the exact date of Pachelbel's birth is unknown, his baptism record shows that he was baptized on September 1, 1653, so it is assumed that he was born during the early fall of 1653. Although he was a Lutheran, his works were influenced by Catholic music. It is simple, unadorned and reminiscent of his motets. It is built on two contrasting themes (a slow chromatic pattern and a lively simplistic motif) that appear in their normal and inverted forms and concludes with both themes appearing simultaneously. His teacher was Kaspar (Caspar) Prentz, once a student of Johann Caspar Kerll. He excelled greatly in chorale preludes, or organ pieces that introduced the chorale. The eclectic musical style that he wrote in to enhance chorale music and chorale preludes granted Pachelbel with popularity. Chaconne in F minor for organ. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. At the time, scordatura tuning was used to produce special effects and execute tricky passages. Violin, bowed stringed musical instrument that evolved during the Renaissance from earlier bowed instruments: the medieval fiddle; its 16th-century Italian offshoot, the lira da braccio; and the rebec. Johann Pachelbel's music primarily fall under three categories: those composed for the organ, those composed for voices, and those composed for both instruments and voices, known as "chamber pieces.". His musical style influenced the some of the greatest composers to come after him such as JS Bach and Dietrich Buxtehude. Played by Tibor Pinter on the sample set of the Marcussen organ, Moerdijk, Netherlands. It was here that Pachelbel was able to reconnect with his friend, Johann Ambrosius Bach. Johann Pachelbel was born in 1653 in Nuremberg into a middle-class family, son of Johann (Hans) Pachelbel (born 1613 in Wunsiedel, Germany), a wine dealer,[3] and his second wife Anna (Anne) Maria Mair. Pachelbel's Canon was originally written for three violins, she explained, but it can easily be arranged for a string quartet or the organ, keyboard and synthesizers, all creating a different. The only exception is one of the two D minor pieces, which is very similar to Pachelbel's late simplistic toccatas, and considerably longer than any other prelude. Performed on original instruments by Voices of Music. [6][n 3] In any case, both Wecker and Schwemmer were trained by Johann Erasmus Kindermann, one of the founders of the Nuremberg musical tradition, who had been at one time a pupil of Johann Staden. One of the most outstanding chaconnes of Pachelbel, played by Tibor Pinter on the sample set of Gottfried Silbermann's organ (1722) in Roetha, Germany, Both performed on a church organ in Trubschachen, Switzerland, by Burghard Fischer, Arrangement for violins, harps and bass by, 16531674: Early youth and education (Nuremberg, Altdorf, Regensburg), 16731690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt), 16901706: Final years (Stuttgart, Gotha, Nuremberg), The date of Pachelbel's birth and death are unknown, therefore his baptismal and burial dates, which are known, are given. Sadly, two years later, Barbara and the couple's infant son died as a result of a horrible plague. The composer married Barbara Gabler in 1681, and by 1683, he was a father. The Magnificat settings, most composed during Pachelbel's late Nuremberg years, are influenced by the Italian-Viennese style and distinguish themselves from their antecedents by treating the canticle in a variety of ways and stepping away from text-dependent composition. What instrument did Johann pachelbel play? Only a few chamber music pieces by Pachelbel exist, although he might have composed many more, particularly while serving as court musician in Eisenach and Stuttgart. His skill, persistence, and dedication to honing his craft made him the greatest organ-player of his time. His connection with the Bach family encompassed his longtime friendship with the father (Johann Ambrosius Bach), the charge of Godfather to Ambrosius's daughter, and residing in and later purchasing the home of Johann Christophe. Nevertheless, Pachelbel's fugues display a tendency towards a more unified, subject-dependent structure which was to become the key element of late Baroque fugues. 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